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Astrophsyics

PhysCOS Science Goals

Precisely measure the cosmological parameters governing the evolution of the universe and test the inflation hypothesis of the Big Bang

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) originated just 380,000 years after the Big Bang, when the Universe was dense, hot, and opaque. As the Universe cooled, the light was decoupled and escape from the matter. We observe that same light today, stretched by the expansion of the universe to a cold 2.7K glow. Observations of the CMB have driven our understanding of the early Universe, and are one of the few probes of the inflationary epoch. Inflation describes the brief period of extraordinary expansion where the Universe went from the atomic scale to visible scales, and where small density fluctuations ultimately led to the large-scale structure—galaxies and clusters of galaxies—that we observe today. Maps of the CMB provide a precise measurement of the geometry of the Universe, and show that it is "flat," governed by Euclidean geometry on cosmic scales. The detailed spatial and statistical properties of CMB maps are consistent with the predictions of inflation. However, the physical process behind inflation remains unknown. New measurements of the polarization properties of the CMB will help uncover this process, which lies at energies and densities beyond standard particle physics, and beyond terrestrial particle accelerators. By searching for a characteristic polarization signal from a background of gravitational waves produced by inflation, we can infer the energy scale of inflation, which may lie at the scale of grand unification of the forces of nature.


JAXA, NASA XRISM Mission Ready for Liftoff

XRISM launched successfully on Wednesday, Sept. 6, 2023, at 7:42 p.m. EDT (Thursday, Sept. 7, 8:42 a.m. in Japan). The spacecraft separated from the rocket at 7:56 p.m. EDT.Read more.


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  • 21 September 2023
    AWESOM SAG Meeting 22 September 2023 »  Details.
    21 September 2023
    Open Source Science Data Repositories Workshop 27-29 September 2023 »  Details.
    21 September 2023
    Astrophysics Advisory Committee (APAC) Meeting 19-20 October 2023 »  Details.
    13 September 2023
    2023 Astrophysics Probe Explorer Announcement of Opportunity: Revisions »  Details.
    13 September 2023
    IXPE General Observer Cycle 1 Notice of Intent Due 18 September 2023 »  Details.
    13 September 2023
    INTEGRAL's Final Call for Guest Observing Time, AO-21, is Open »  Details.
    13 September 2023
    JWST Calibration Workshop: November 14 – 17, 2023 »  Details.
    6 September 2023
    Special Announcement About the Habitable Worlds Observatory START and TAG Teams »  Details.
    5 September 2023
    XRISM Launch Rescheduled for This Week »  Details.
    5 September 2023
    SMD Bridge Program Seed Funding Announcement of Opportunity Still Open »  Details.
    5 September 2023
    ROSES-23: D.13 Astrophysics Pioneers Not Solicited This Year »  Details.
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